How risky is Endoscopic Discectomy?

Endoscopic discectomy is a minimally invasive spinal surgery designed to relieve pain caused by herniated discs and nerve compression. While it is generally considered safe and effective, like any surgical procedure, it carries some risks. Understanding the potential complications and benefits can help patients make informed decisions about their treatment options.

Understanding Endoscopic Discectomy

Endoscopic discectomy involves using a small camera (endoscope) and specialized instruments to remove herniated disc material pressing on spinal nerves. The procedure requires only a tiny incision, reducing tissue damage, blood loss, and post-operative pain compared to traditional open spine surgery.

General Safety and Success Rate

• The success rate of endoscopic discectomy is 80–90%, making it a highly effective treatment for nerve-related back pain.
• Due to its minimally invasive nature, the procedure reduces surgical trauma, speeds up recovery, and lowers the risk of complications compared to conventional discectomy.
• Many patients resume normal activities within a few weeks, with a significantly lower risk of post-surgical infection.

Potential Risks and Complications

While rare, the following risks may be associated with endoscopic discectomy:

1. Infection

• Although infections are uncommon due to the small incision, there is still a minor risk of surgical site infection or deep spinal infection.
• Preventative antibiotics are typically administered to reduce this risk.

2. Nerve Injury

• Since the procedure involves working near spinal nerves, there is a slight risk of nerve damage, leading to numbness, tingling, or weakness.
• This risk is minimized with the use of advanced imaging techniques and the expertise of a skilled surgeon.

3. Dural Tear (Spinal Fluid Leak)

• A dural tear can occur if the thin protective layer around the spinal cord is unintentionally punctured.
• This may cause headaches and cerebrospinal fluid leakage, though in most cases, it resolves with proper rest and medical management.

4. Reherniation of the Disc

• There is a small chance (5–10%) that the treated disc may herniate, requiring further treatment or revision surgery.
• Proper post-surgical care, physical therapy, and avoiding strenuous activities can reduce this risk.

5. Incomplete Pain Relief

• While most patients experience significant pain relief, a small percentage may not achieve the desired outcome due to pre-existing spine conditions or nerve damage.

• In such cases, additional treatments such as physical therapy, pain management, or alternative procedures may be recommended.

6. Bleeding or Hematoma Formation

• The risk of excessive bleeding is minimal due to the small incision size, but in rare cases, a hematoma (blood collection) may develop, requiring further medical attention.

Who is at Higher Risk?

Certain factors can increase the risk of complications, including:

• Pre-existing spinal conditions such as severe spinal degeneration.
• Obesity may affect surgical access and healing.
• Smoking, as it impairs tissue healing and increases infection risk.
• Diabetes, can slow post-surgical recovery and increase infection risks.

How to Minimize Risks?

To enhance safety and reduce potential complications, patients should:

• Choose an experienced spinal surgeon with expertise in endoscopic procedures.
• Follow pre-operative instructions, including stopping smoking and maintaining a healthy weight.
• Adhere to post-surgical care recommendations, including proper rest, physical therapy, and avoiding high-impact activities.
• Attend all follow-up appointments to monitor healing progress and detect any early signs of complications.

Conclusion

Endoscopic discectomy is one of the safest spinal procedures, offering excellent pain relief and faster recovery compared to traditional spine surgery. While risks exist, they are relatively low, especially when performed by a skilled surgeon at a reputable medical center like DRHC Dubai.

If you are considering endoscopic discectomy, our specialist spine surgeons can evaluate your condition, explain the risks and benefits, and recommend the best treatment approach for you. Contact DRHC Dubai today to schedule a consultation.