Seeing blood in vomit or noticing black, tar-like stool can be frightening and should never be ignored. These symptoms may indicate bleeding somewhere in the upper digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, or first part of the small intestine.

At Dr. Rami Hamed Center (DRHC) Dubai, our gastroenterology specialists provide prompt evaluation and advanced diagnostic procedures to identify the source of gastrointestinal bleeding and recommend the most suitable treatment.

What Causes Vomiting Blood or Black Stool?

Vomiting blood (hematemesis) or passing black stool (melena) may occur when bleeding happens in the upper digestive tract. Common causes include:

• Stomach ulcers or duodenal ulcers
• Acid reflux (GERD) causing irritation of the esophagus
• Inflammation or damage to the stomach lining
• Esophageal varices (enlarged veins in the esophagus)
• Abnormal blood vessels or other digestive tract conditions

Which Endoscopy Is Needed?

Gastroscopy (Upper Endoscopy)

For symptoms such as vomiting blood or black stool, the most commonly recommended procedure is a gastroscopy.

During gastroscopy, a thin flexible camera is used to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. It helps doctors:

• Find the exact source of bleeding
• Identify ulcers, inflammation, or abnormal areas
• Take small tissue samples if needed
• Provide certain treatments to control bleeding

Colonoscopy

Although black stool usually suggests bleeding from the upper digestive tract, sometimes further evaluation may be needed. A colonoscopy examines the large intestine and may be recommended if the doctor suspects a lower digestive tract source of bleeding.

When Should You Seek Medical Help?

Contact a healthcare professional urgently if you experience:

• Vomiting fresh blood or coffee-ground-like material
• Black, sticky, or tar-like stool
• Dizziness, weakness, or fainting
• Severe abdominal pain
• Unexplained tiredness or signs of anemia

Early diagnosis is important because gastrointestinal bleeding can sometimes become serious if the underlying cause is not treated.

How Is Gastrointestinal Bleeding Diagnosed?

Your gastroenterologist may recommend tests based on your symptoms and medical history. These may include:

• Gastroscopy: To examine the upper digestive tract
• Blood tests: To check for anemia or blood loss
• Imaging tests: When additional evaluation is required

At DRHC Dubai Endoscopy Unit, advanced diagnostic procedures are available to help identify digestive conditions accurately.